Julius Caesar - Mark Antony Essay -- essays research papers

Mark Antony, in the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, was a brave, intelligent, pleasure-loving, and cunning man. He was loyal to his friend, Caesar, whom he considered a true friend. He looked at life as a game in which he had a signified part to play, and played that part with excellent refinement and skill. Antony was devoted and preferable to be dependent upon Julius Caesar since he rather have enjoyed life than to claim the highest position in the government. He wanted the crown to be given to Caesar so that all conflicts could be avoided. However, this additional power contributed to the conspirators motive to assassinate him. Antony was distraught with Caesars death and sought revenge first by speaking to the crowd in his speech. He showed how clever and cunning he could be when he convinced the crowd at Caesars funeral ceremony to side with him and not with the murderers. The people became excited and strong-armer when he teased them about the will, waving it in the air a nd pretending as if he was not going to read it. Reverse psychology is use when he first pretends to respect the conspirators calling them honorable men, and then slowly proving that they are not. He speaks out against them because he wanted power for himself, and unlike Brutus, he is politically ambitious and so believes that if he can take control while the state is in turmoil, he will remain in power. He was alone in making this oration, yet he was confidant in himself and courageous. Rome began...

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers fc

CensorshipThe freedom to read is essential to the democratic way of life. just now today, thatfreedom is under attack. Private groups and public authorities everywhere areworking to remove both accommodates and periodicals from sale, to exclude certain booksfrom public naturalises, to censor and privacy magazines and newspapers, and tolimit "controversial" books and periodicals to the general public. Thesuppression of reading materials is suppression of creative thought. Books andperiodicals are not the only ones being suppressed by pressures to the politicaland friendly systems. They are also being brought against the educational system,films, radio, television, and against the graphic and theatre arts. However orwhenever these attacks occur, they usually fall at least one of the followingcategories faithWar & Peace (Violence)Sociology & RaceLanguageDrugsSexInappropriate Adolescent BehaviourWhat is Obscenity? Clearly something hard to talk some constructively.&q uotObscenity" is difficult to discuss honestly. After all, what makes a thingobscene? It is Something too vague perhaps to be defined. Its an elusive termwe use, but cant explain. contrasting people often see things differently. Somesee obscenity in nude pictures, statues, paintings, etc. While others find lessobscenity in these things. all(a) the same, "obscene" isnt the same as "wrong" or"bad". Clearly obscenity is not identical with evil. It only covers a singlesegment of it. further what is that segment? A look at the words "obscenity" and"pornography" suggests that it is a segment that didnt worry people very muchtill comparatively recently.Though censorship was known in english law quite early on, it wasnt forobscenity but for heresy and sedition."Undue" exploitation of sex" is what deplorable law in Canada prohibits. This is how criminal law defines obscenity.But it is rather vague. It doesnt differentiate between &quo tordinary obscenity"and "hard-core pornography." The first denoting the ordinary run of "girliemagazines and the jiffy denoting pictures , literature and so on that deal withrape, sadism, masochism, bestiality, necrophilia and other perversions. Peopletend to object far more to "hard-core pornography." Another distinctionregrettably overlo... ...m that mainly frowns upon the violence againstwomen. There should indeed be access to most types of literature, but in varyingdegrees of freedom, determined not by censorship, but by controlled access.Parents are trying to protect their children from the harsh realities of life,but are they really helping, or hindering?BibliographyThe Censorship Iceberg The results of a survey of challenges in school andpublic libraries. By Dr. David Jenkins. School Libraries in Canada. Fall, 1985.v.6 n.1 p19-22Sanitized textbooks reflect a pious paradise that never was. By June Callwood.The Globe and Mail. March 18, 1987. pA2-A3Suf fer the midget children. By Janet Collins. Books in Canada. October 1991.v.20 n.7 p25-27Court bans humanist books from Alabama public schools. By Robin Toner. TheGlobe and Mail. March 5, 1987. pA10Censorship in the childrens library. By Rupert Colley. The Junior Bookshelf.June 1990. v.54 n.3 p121-123Censorship News. take a hop 1985. n20Limits of criminal law - obscenity a test case. By The Law Reform Commissionworking paper no. 10. p7-9Censorship stopping the book banners. By the book and periodical developmentcouncil. August 1988. p1-17

Hunchback of Notre Dame :: essays research papers

THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAMEIn Paris, under the reign of Louis XI, the annual Festival of Fools is underway. From atop the aright Notre Dame cathedral, Quasimodo, a deformed hunchback who rings the bells, looks down on the crowd in contempt. Also in the crowd is Dom Claude, the kindly priest of Notre Dame, and his iniquity brother, Jehan. Clopin, a gypsy who has been crowned "King of the Beggars," calls for his adopted girl Esmeralda to dance for the group. As Esmeralda passes by the window of Gudule, the old woman curses her, for years before her daughter had been stolen by gypsies. Esmeralda dances for the crowd, while high above in the palace of Louis XI, Phoebus, a young captain of the guard, admires the pretty girl, though he is betrothed to Fleur de Lis, the niece of Madame de Gondelaurier. That night, Jehan has Quasimodo abduct Esmeralda for him, still Phoebus is on patrol and thwarts the attempt. Phoebus takes Esmeralda out for a late supper and attempts to ensnar e her with his charms. She is wearing a necklace given to her by her mother when she was a baby which she says protects her from all evil. Phoebus has a change of heart and decides not to force his attentions on the girl, though she appears to be willing. The Court of Miracles is the hideout for all the beggars of Paris, so named because here the blind see, and the lame walk. Gringoire, a harmless poet, has stumbled into the Court and is about to be hanged by the mob, but Esmeralda intercedes and he is released. Hereafter, Gringoire becomes her faithful servant. Quasimodo is tried for his attack on Esmeralda and is ordered to be lashed for an hour in the public square. He is beaten brutally and at the end of the time, he cries for water. Esmeralda, pitying the poor beast brings him a drink and Quasimodo is forever in her debt. Quasimodo likewise does not forget how Jehan betrayed him, and he hates him thereafter.Madame Gondelaurier gives a ball and Phoebus brings Esmeralda, dressed in the finest of clothes, and introduces her as a Princess of Egypt. Clopin has learned that Phoebus has taken Esmeralda as his plaything, and he breaks into the ball demanding her return. To foil bloodshed, Esmeralda leaves with Clopin, broken hearted. Esmeralda has Gringoire bring a note to Phoebus asking him to meet her one last time at

The Child King Henry VII got married in 1509, 1533, 1536, 1540 (twice),

The Child King total heat VII got married in 1509, 1533, 1536, 1540 (twice), and 1543 - wherefore?Henry VIII is one of the few English monarchs recognizable even in America, for his antics are legendary on both sides of the Atlantic. He is as notorious for killing important people as he is for getting married six times and his break with Rome. Indeed, Henrys reign would make a unspoilt suspicious book, for he was always off on some new half-baked project, be it invading France or plotting a crusade. His whole life was marked by impulsiveness and his OK, that was fun, whats next? attitude. He never outgrew many childlike character traits, at times stubborn and the next moment almost a gullible pushover. This childish disposition is the key to why he got married so many times, even after his heir was born. Henry VIII was impetuous and impatient, and his abandonment of repeated marriages reflects a pattern of immaturity throughout his reign. It will be helpful to get a sense of Hen rys character and personality before applying this directly to his gustatory perception for wedding. His immaturity can be traced back to his sheltered upbringing and lack of responsibility, remarkable even for a king. As a child Henry was patently never given any responsibility, however circumscribed, for state affairs during his fathers lifetime, or any taste of independence (Scarisbrick 6). Henry VII was very overprotective of his son, and the son lived a nearly cloistered life. The historian Weir writes, He was not permitted to leave the palace unless it was it was by a private door into the park, and then only in the company of specially appointed persons. No one dared approach him or speak to him. He spent most of his time in a populate that led off the kings be... ...onal view of marriage which conflicted with the strategic role of marriage in his time. He was, in short, a childish, irresponsible egomaniac, and it was probably a good thing that he let his advisors do most of the ruling for him. Works CitedBagley, J.J. Henry VIII. London B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1962Bowle, John. Henry VIII. London George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1964Douglass, David C. ed. English Historical Documents Volume V 1485-1558. London Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967Mackie, J.D. The Earlier Tudors 1485-1558. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1952St. Clare Byrne, M. ed. The Letters of King Henry VIII. London Cassell and Company Ltd., 1936Scarisbrick, J.J. Henry VIII. New Haven Yale University Press, 1969Starkey, David. Six Wives The Queens of Henry VIII. London Chatto & Windus, 2003Weir, Alison. Henry VIII. London Pimlico, 2001

Dont Drink and Drive :: Legal Issues, Social Issues, Informative

Topic Dont Drink and Drive specific Purpose To persuade my audience that action is needed to deal with the problemcaused by motorists who drink and drive.General Purpose Solving the problems caused by drinking and effort will require actionby friends, family, and law enforcement.Thesis Statement Drinking and driving not only endanger your life, it endangers the livesof the innocent victims whose path you cross. cosmos While watching TV one night, a special news report came on. Therewas a terrible accident in Marshal County involving a drunk driver.Six children were killed in the crash, a man driving a blue sedan hadhit head-on with a mini van, carrying six children and their grandmother. only the children were pronounced dead at the scene, the grandmother andthe man driving the sedan were the only survivors.BodyA.Dont drink and drive, period.1.The cemeteries are full of great deal who thought they were Ok to drive alongwith the innocent victims whose paths they crossed.2.Support la w enforcement.3.Dont complain that an officer gave your kid an MIP, DUI, or DWI thank them.Transitions straightaway that weve seen how drinking and driving are serious problems for motoristsand their communities, lets look at some causes.B.It causes the deaths of over 16,000 people in America every year, an norm of44 each day, one every 33 minutes.Conclusion Drinking and driving and alcohol abuse are claiming the lives of thousandsof young people each year. If you critically injure or kill someone after making

Dont Drink and Drive :: Legal Issues, Social Issues, Informative

Topic Dont Drink and DriveSpecific Purpose To persuade my audience that action is needed to visual modality with the problemcaused by motorists who drink and drive.General Purpose Solving the problems caused by drinking and driveway will require actionby friends, family, and law enforcement. thesis Statement Drinking and impulsive not only endanger your life, it endangers the livesof the innocent victims whose path you cross.Introduction While watching TV one night, a finicky news report came on. Therewas a terrible accident in Marshal County involving a drunk driver.Six children were killed in the crash, a man driving a blue sedan hadhit head-on with a mini van, carrying six children and their grandmother.All the children were pronounced dead at the scene, the grandmother andthe man driving the sedan were the only survivors.BodyA.Dont drink and drive, period.1.The cemeteries are full of people who thought they were Ok to drive alongwith the innocent victims whose paths they cros sed.2. embolden law enforcement.3.Dont complain that an officer gave your kid an MIP, DUI, or DWI thank them.Transitions Now that weve seen how drinking and driving are serious problems for motoristsand their communities, lets look at some causes.B.It causes the deaths of over 16,000 people in America every year, an average of44 each day, one every 33 minutes. purpose Drinking and driving and alcohol abuse are claiming the lives of thousandsof young people each year. If you critically injure or kill someone after reservation

Summary Essay

Brett Virkelyst Leanne Rowley WR 095 4/9/2013 William Zinsser Simplicity Summary William Zinsser begins with telling us that we clutter our sentences too often in Ameri open fire Writing. Essentially, we shouldnt try to put so many extra terminology into our sentences we need to catch up with it down to its simplest form, so the reader can understand the sentence clearly and efficiently. Citizens today are spending too much time trying to emphasize their sentences, trying to sound smarter, or they look it will get their point across better.Readers may find the writing very difficult to read, and they usually wont be able to acquaint the message that the writer is trying to convey. We ask, what is the real question and how can we solve this? Citizens would love to get rid of this problem, and Zinsser has a few solutions on how we can get rid of cluttered writing forever. Human beings do not want to challenge, nor do they want to go above and beyond of what we think that we are o vert of writing wise. Nobody likes reading something and not knowing what they are talking about, it makes for a very unpleasant experience.Also you can read this summary defend Freedom of Expression on the CampusZinsser says that all we have to do is clear our heads of clutter. Clear thinking becomes clear writing one cant populate without the other. Once you have strayed away the reader, there is no hope for them to finish that story, it is game over. Cluttering will more then likely make the reader fall asleep their interest, after a paragraph or two. Articles can end up being so cluttered, that it doesnt only end up being the obtuseness that turned the reader away, it may be that they simply couldnt understand what it meant. Always ask yourself what am I trying to say? because some hoi polloi are not naturally born to be clear headed writers. You have got to make sure to make the material clear and to the point. Make sure words arent being used that have the same meaning, also dont use prior sentences and try to word them differently. Learn to ditch the no-good parts of the material, because not everything will make the final cut. Once you learn this, your message will be able to be conveyed smooth and direct. Work Cited Zinsser, William. Simplicity. dustup Awareness Essays for College Writers. Eds. P. Escholz & A. Rosa. New York St. Martins, 1997. 50-55. Print.

Rough Draft Senior Paper

Well a psychiatrist is a hygienic who attends their clients deportmental, emotional, and psychological symptoms (Ferguson, 157). They help quite a little in m near(prenominal) different ways. Some people be prescribed medicine because they feel that just talking to someone isnt helping and others can go talk to a psychiatrist and feel relieved like they dont need anything more than to talk to someone about their problems. Some psychiatric medications can be called psychotherapeutic or psychotropic medication (Mental, NP). Psychiatric medication wasnt developed until the sasss (Ferguson, 186).In geezerhood that be owe long forgotten, society stigmatize people with amiable illnesses so much that they were kept chained up in asylums (Ferguson, 187). People withal used to categorize people who were in prison and people with mental illnesses as the same thing. Until one day somebody brought up the fact that they didnt think it was right. So then a few years later, they resulted in mournful them to different sides of the hospital. Some people, pickings meds, can function better. And they may only need to take them for a short amount of time (Mental, NP).Taking medication doesnt ever so cure the disorder, but it helps to make the errors function better (Mental, NP). Patients trust is key, which takes time and patience (Mescaline, Margargont, 22). Not having their trust creates problems such as the perseverings arent being helped in any way because they cant trust psychiatrists enough to talk to them, or the business might lose money because there are no clients that come because the psychiatrists cant be trusted. To intimidate on track and up to date, psychiatrists need to be very organized because there is a bunch of paperwork that people put up to fill out and cover with (Mescaline, Margaret, 25).Psychiatrists also need to adjudge the ability to have emotional strength so when they find out that a child is sad or angry, it does non displace the psychiatrist (Mescaline, Margaret, 25). This also helps because they do not want to get attached to a child. So they have to stay emotional and physically remote from them, but closer enough to give them comfort and support. TO even become a psychiatrist, people need to have a college degree in Psychology, Sociology, or Social Work to become a child therapist (Mescaline, Margaret, 24).Also, must have a Masters degree from an accredited college or university. People absolutely have to do their rouser work and they impart need to have supervised practice with patients (Mescaline, Margaret, 25). Must have very good observing skills, because this allows them to understand what children will not tell them (Mescaline, Margaret, 24). Also have to be open-minded, and have to be able to adapt to different types of situations very quickly (Mescaline, Margaret, 24). Psychiatrists need to know what they are supposed to be doing, and they need to know how to do it.Psychiatrists can prescribe m edicine (Ferguson, 187). As people might have thought a psychiatrist and a psychologist are the amen thing, but they arent. They are two totally different things. They work close to 52 hours a week, and remember that they are always on call (Ferguson, 192). Wow, thats more hours than a full time job When psychiatrists are meeting a client for the first time, they like to conduct an evaluation with the patient so they can find out more about them such as current situations as well as medical history (Ferguson, 187).When clients contain their feelings, it helps to give the psychiatrist a detailed picture of what is going on, how people really feel, and how the psychiatrist should treat oh (Ferguson, 188) What some humans dont realize is that there are different types of therapy to help out as well as medication, and talking to people. There is something called psychotherapy, which is when the patient is conjuring images while lying on a couch, the psychiatrist is taking copious notes at the same time (Ferguson, 187). Patient talks freely and relaxes.Therapists goal is to uncover troubling subconscious beliefs or conflicts and their causes. Dreams can also be broken down for clues about the unconscious mind. Subconscious events often lead to neurosis. Neurosis is an motional disorder in which the client displays anxious behavior (Ferguson, 188). There is also something called behavioral therapy, which is when the psychiatrists are teaching them to use relaxation to change their behavior. Psychiatrists could also use Biofeedback. This method uses electronic monitors that mea sure enough the effects that thoughts and feelings have on vigour tension, heart rate, and brain waves.This is done so that the patient can learn to control the body through stress reduction consciously (Ferguson, 188). Ever thought about what could be in these possibly harmful medications? Well scientists have done a few tests to see if psychiatric drugs are the safest to use. They have fig ured out that, some medications react differently with everyone. It all depends on how well peoples bodies take it. People react differently when taking these psychiatric medications (Mental, NP). Factors such as what type of mental disorder the person has, their age, sex, and body.Also the habits they might have, genetics, physical illness, how well their liver and kidney functions, and other medications they are taking can affect how these drugs work in different people (Mental, NP). There is a bad side to everything, just like the negative effects of taking psychiatric medicines. When taking these medicines the persons weight, glucose levels and lipid levels need to be checked frequently (Mental, NP). Doctors do this to ensure that the persons body hasnt reacted in a bad way they want to make sure this person stays healthy while taking psychiatric medications.Usually antispasmodics are pills, but can also be in the liquid hammer. The liquid form is referred to as a shot this per son would go get it about once or twice a month (Mental, NP). More overshadows of taking these are, some people could possibly get side effects (Mental, NP). These side effects do not usually last long, maybe a few days or so. People taking antispasmodics are at risk of getting side effects (Mental, NP). Side effects such as persistent muscle spasms, tremors, and restlessness may occur with a physical movement but not always (Mental, NP).If people are taking any other medications when they are taking antispasmodics, the two medications together could react badly (Mental, NP). Side effects that could possibly happen while taking monotheistic are drowsiness, dizziness when moving, clouded vision, tachycardia, sensitive to the sun, and rashes (Mental, NP). Taking antispasmodics may result in major weight gain, and possible changes in their metabolism (Mental, NP). People who experience this are recommended to not postulate at all until they get situated with their antispasmodic medic ine (Mental, NP). They tell you these things for the persons safety and well-being.

Monogamy

In this society, it is usu every last(predicate)y assumed that one is either single or in some cast of characters of monogamous relationship. At best, it is sometimes considered acceptable to play the field if one is not in a attached relationship. If one is in a committed relationship, it is with one person only, and either stirual and/or romantic submitment outside the relationship is cheating. Both of these situations, playing the field and cheating are slake often subject to the classic double standard of being more acceptable for men and women.Long before written history, primitive clans and tribes were living within small, senior high schoolly inter-dependent social structures. Many of these groups had some type of ceremony marking the forming of a union or hymeneals between two opposite sex fateners. It appears that since we began living in structured social groups, humans have adhered to the judgment that formal unions of two spate work best for maintaining a health y, functioning society. within different societies, independent unions of two people were considered the best way to secure food and shelter, defend against outside aggressors, and raise offspring. As societies evolved, the marriage bond took on increased signifi notifyce within each culture. One of the most universal aspects of the marriage union to be perpetuated cross-culturally was monogamy. Yet despite this proclivity towards marriage, and insistence that the marriage partners remain monogamous, human beings have been engaging in non-monogamous activities throughout history.We know that adulterous individual(prenominal) business have been going on since the advent of the socially authorize union. Our historical concern about affairs is evident in the inclusion of extramarital affairs as one of the sins mentioned in the Ten Commandants. The fact that affairs are wrong, nonetheless considered to be a sin has been ingrained into us through our social, cultural and religious u pbringing. Yet despite the social and religious blame of them, they have been an ever present phenomenon for us to deal with.So why are so many people having affairs despite such decent social and religious doctrines against them The fact is that there have been as many reasons given for affairs as there are people engaging in them. Some of these include dissatisfaction with the marital relationship, activated emptiness, need for informal variety, inability to resist young sexual opportunity, anger at a partner, no longer being in love, alcohol or drug addiction, growing apart, desire to get a partner jealous. Some people have even said that human beings simply cant maintain monogamous sexual relationships over long periods of time because it isnt natural.If this is true, if there is a biological reason preventing us from accomplishing our goal of remaining in a monogamous relationship, than we are condemning ourselves to continued personal and social failure by continuing to pursue these types of relationships. On the other hand, despite the fact that affairs have been a problem for married couples throughout history, and that there appears to be an increase number of affairs at this time, we probably know that human nature is not to blame.At least not in the traditional sense. Maybe our liking towards affairs is more a symptom of our inability to find satisfaction in our long-term relationships because of the expectations we place on them in the first place, then any biological drive towards multiple sexual partners. Possibly our inability to remain in love with our partners as we grow and mature and our life circumstances kind is what drives us to look for another intimate relationship.The loss of that high aim of dearest and desire that existed in the beginning of the relationship whitethorn result in boredom or develop into a feeling of apathy towards the partner. Combined with all of the other stresses and complexities of long term relationshi ps, such as financial problems, nurture children, job changes, death of family members, change in status, etc. , the loss of passion may lead to a desire to rediscover it in a sassy relationship.So it may not be the desire to experience the new or forbidden sexual relationship, still rather the need to re-experience the lifelike level of passion and the feeling of being in love which leads to affairs. Therefore, extramarital affairs may be the result of an inability to maintain a satisfying wound up relationship with a partner over a long period of time, and not due to a need for sexual variety. Possibly our need for intense emotional experiences leads to a desire to rediscover the feelings that come at the start of a new love relationship.Whether it is our expectation that passion remain or our inability to maintain passion easily in long term relationships, the loss of it appears to be a major factor in the initiation of affairs. Once initiated, the high level of passion expe rienced in affairs appears to be a powerful component in the maintaining them. If the interpersonal relationship was satisfying for both partners, and passion was still an integral part of the relationship, the need to experience diversified or new sexual partners may not exist.Some people feel that their atrophied feelings for their partner led them to become involved in the extramarital relationship. Specifically, many people in marriages unappreciated ignored, sexually frustrated and no longer preferred to their partners. They almost invariably say that they are no longer in love with their partners and lack the level of intimacy that they once had. In almost all marriages the member of an affair says that they feel more alive, more sexually appealing and more appreciated by their lovers than by their spouses.Extramarital affairs found solely on desire for a new sexual partner is a very small percentage of the total number of affairs. ( ) Majority of extramarital affairs are b ased emotional needs not being met within the marital relationship, and not sexually motivated reasons. Therefore, it appears that the allure of extramarital affairs is not new sexual experiences, nor are they due to any biological inability to remain monogamous, but rather what drives many individuals is a lack of emotional fulfillment within the existing relationship.The indication is that the desire for a new sexual experience is not the initial motive for looking outside the marriage, but rather comes after the breakdown of the emotional relationship. Only then, after there has been an eroding of the interpersonal relationship, including a loss of passion, lack of intimacy, and loss of emotional and sexual satisfaction, the dissatisfied partner looks for a new lover to fulfill their needs. This does not mean that the sexual passion experienced within an affair is not part of the driving force that maintains affairs.It is possible that the patterns of behavior that lead to affair s may be very different than the patterns that maintain them. There are several factors that may be responsible for the maintenance of extramarital affairs that were never considered before. These factors may be responsible for the high level of arousal experienced by people involved in affairs, the obsessive pre-occupation that many individuals in affairs report experiencing, and the inability to end an affair even when confronted with negative or devastating personal and social consequences.The extramarital affair is a far more complex relationship than the media often portrays it. Unlike Hollywoods portrayal of affairs, real triangles involve a great deal of guilt, confusion, anxiety, and pain. In the end all members of the triangle are affected, for better or worse. Whether the marriage survives or the lovers form a new couple, everyone involved in the triangle will have been dramatically and permanently affected by the extramarital experience. Monogamy has become such a habitu al topic in society today.There are so many ledgers that are being published about monogamy so married couples can somehow deal with it. The Monogamy Myth, which was published as a handbook for recovering from affairs, provides a step-by-step process for dealing with suspicion and confrontation. This book also mentions the pain of knowing, rebuilding self-esteem, rebuilding trust based on honesty, getting help, facing marriage/divorce dilemma, and living with the decision. The Monogamy Myth is the belief that monogamy is the norm in our society and that it is supported by society as a whole.The reality is that monogamy is not the norm, not by todays standards, anyway. closely of us expect monogamy to be a normal part of marriage (or any committed relationship). This was certainly my assumption through my childhood. I grew up with no first-hand knowledge of affairs and no idea that it would be a subject of my concern. Monogamy is still something most people say they believe in and want for themselves. I still believe in monogamy and think its attainable. But achieving it calls for making some drastic changes in everyones thinking.

Psychology Essay Essay

Omkar KawadeCharles RamskovPsychology EssayPerception can be defined as the member of how an organism interprets a sensation. Many psychologists studied different types of perception, such as Constructive Perception (top-down) that was studied by Rock, Neisser, and Gregory. Another approach of perception was the exact / Ecological (bottom up) which was studied by Gibson. Constructive (top down) perception is an active and deductive reasoning process. It is seen as an obstacle, object, or any matter that changes your perspective of its mountain. The way you view the object can be in any matter, but usually it connects back to a memory or an experience that you have had before. For example, a soul called Eddie is an active user of a social network called Facebook, in which he has many friends, and talks to them very often. In this chat, he uses emoticons that are made up of keyboard functions such as colon and parenthesis .If you take this emoticon and rotate it, you will see a s miley face. When Eddie sees this arrangement of keyboard functions, he sees a smiley face. However, Kevin, a person who has no social interaction through the computer and/or Internet, sees this simply as a colon placed next to a right parenthesis sign. get off Ecological (bottom up) perception is an inductive reasoning process. Gibson stated his theory of bottom up perception was basically visual perception and the information needed was addressable from the proximal stimulus that was produced by the distal stimulus. In this case, the example is that Kevin looks at the emoticon and sees only a colon and right parenthesis, but to further more than find more perception in this symbol, top down perception is needed. Bottom up perception is the visual environmental view of what we see and how we interpret and distinguish plastered things apart from each other, while top down perception is how we furthermore establish a different meaning for it.

Women and Environment

That the relationship between people and the environ custodyt is non gender-neutral became clear in the mid-1980s. Some organizations, focusing on the day- afterwards-day lives of communities, argued that the position and concerns of wo custody were invisible in environmental debates and programmers. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE based in New Delhi, India, in their The State of Indias Environment base or the Second Citizens Report of 1984-1985 argued that Probably no other group is to a greater extent affected by environmental destruction than execrable vill time women.Every morn brings with it a long march in search of fuel, fodderand water. It does non matter if the women be old, young or pregnant crucial household needs ease up to be met day after weary day. As ecological conditions worsen, the long march becomes take down longer and more(prenominal) tiresome. Caught between p everywherety and environmental destruction, poor rural women in India could wel l be reaching the limits of physical endurance. (CSE 1985) In that same year of 1985, the second UN Decade for Women Conference was held in Nairobi, Kenya.The Environment occasion Centre (presently the Environment Liaison Centre International or ELCI) organized a series of workshops on women, environment and development at the NGO Forum. These workshops were aimed at developing a better understanding of the relationship between women and the physical environment. More than 25 women leaders from altogether parts of the world with an audience of women and men many times more presented their local and regional case studies on women and the global environmental crisis, as well as on women and forests, energy, agriculture, and water caution at local level.One of the main conclusions from the workshops was that women bear the highest costs of the environmental crisis because of their roles in providing water, food and energy at family and community levels. On the other hand, it was shown that women could potenti solelyy besides recognise a large contri entirelyion to the solution of the crisis, precisely due to their role in the man jump onment of those primary resources. The increase in womens reason and the sustainability of development atomic number 18 ecologically tied.It is therefore imperative that women are enabled to participate and be involved at all levels of development planning through aside the industrialise and developing worlds, according to the ELC statement to the UN Womens Conference in 1985. Female Participation in the Labor Force everywhere the last century, the issue of women in the workplace has been a tumultuous hotshot. Early in the 20th century, few women participated in the project motor. A womans place was at home, taking care of the family and managing the house servant world.It was seen as unfit for women to be in certain professions, and most women did non work, other than going somewhat their daily chores around the h ouse. The Great Depression amplify this fact, as unemployment reached its highest levels in history but women, more than ever, stayed home to look after their husbands who immediately found themselves without work. World War II brought a sail through reversal to this trend. Productivity boomed and the men left their homes, some to work, most to join the war effort.Women, in large masses for the first time, also hit the grasp market. Dubbed Rosie the Riveter, these women worked at manufacturing plants and at other technological industries that had previously seen only male employees. With the men off at war, these companies needed women to fill their shoes, and women streamed into the business. Since then, they require not looked back, as women employment in the cut into deplume grew steadily in the four decades after World War II. It was not until very recently that egg-producing(prenominal) employment growth distinguish have leveled out.I hope to explain why this has happ ened, as well as examining different sectors of the economy and comparing women employment and men employment. Just after World War II the civilian labor force participation for women was a paltry 32%. Today, however, some six decades after that rate has climbed in excess of 70%. For four solid decades after the war, this rate increased at an astounding rate. Early in the nineties, however, this rate leveled off. This brought about much speculation as to whether or not women were thus starting to leave the labor force and, if so, what the causes of that might be.In order to look at this possible action more closely, we first need to break down the women in the labor force by age 16-24 year olds, 25-34 year olds, 35-44 year olds, 45-54 year olds, and 55+ old age. In the mid 1940s, 35-44 year olds were engaged in the labor force more than any other age group. In the late 1980s and into the proto(prenominal) 1990s, this was relieve the case. Over the last 25 years, however, the yo unger age groups have exploded onto the work scene, drastically shooting up from a percentage (of women that age in the labor force) of 40 percent in 1970 to n proto(prenominal) 75 percent in the early 1990s.Until the 1970s, a graph of female participation rates in the labor force would look like an M, with a large dip coming between the early 20s until the later-child bearing years, the mid 30s. However, with all age groups now actively participating in the labor force, that graph now looks like an upside down U. In the early 1990s participation rates of women abruptly flattened out. Initially much vista was given to the fact that more mothers were exiting the labor force temporarily in order to look after their children or become homemakers.Thus analysts turned to specific age groups. They found that there was a signifi fecest drop off in labor force participation rates of women ages 16-24. Historically, rates of this age group did follow business cycles, so why the sudden change ? The explanation was that more females that age were enrolling in drills. School enrollment between 1987 and 1993 increased nearly 28 percent, and women in school were less likely to be employed in the labor force. Other age groups continued their around upward trend, with the only exception being the 16-24 year olds.One explanation as to why these women decided to attend school rather than remain in the labor force is the recession of the early 1990s. There was a recessionary job market, so the younger, less stable women chose to go back to school rather than seek alternate employment. Since the early 1990s, however, the growth of women entering the labor force has resumed. The makeup of the group of women in the labor force has been influenced more recently than ever before on family structure. In the last ten years, mothers have accounted for most of the rise in womens everywhereall labor force rate.For mothers with children between the ages of 6 and 17, an astonishing 77 per cent are in the labor force. With children under 6, this percentage understandably dips to 62 points, but both ecumenicly higher than a decade ago. For mothers with infants less than a year old, the percentage entering the labor force has grown nearly 20 percent over the last decade. This trend is a strong reflection of todays societal norms working for pay is an integral part of many womens lives, as opposed to early in the 20th century when housework was the norm.The 1996 Welfare Reform Bill passed by Congress had an effect on poor and single mothers in the workplace. By stressful to move women from welfare to work, the bill encouraged these women to find jobs, thus entering the labor force. Additionally, the real wages of met earning lower incomes has remained stagnant or sluice slightly fallen in recent years. The cost of a wife sitting around the house and taking care of the children has risen, so the wives have much more incentive, and need, now to go out and earn on their own. This, in turn, also puts pressure on single mothers to go out and work as well.These women do not necessarily work full-time year-round, but their entrance into the marketplace is a positive for not only them but the womens sweat in general. It has gotten to the point, however, that spousals and children (except a pre-school aged child, where mothers tend to stay at home or work minimal hours) now have little effect on whether a not a woman works, and for how long she works. This is the societal norm, although access to other income (e. g. husbands earnings, single vs. married woman) s gutter has a large effect on a womans employment options.Women now spend a couple of hours more in the workplace per day than they do caring for their children as opposed to 20 years ago, yet many mothers are soothe not committed to full-time year-round employment. Throughout the entire 20th century, womens wages have constantly lagged piece of tail mens wages. If a woman and mad were both hi red to do the same task, the man would be paid more than the women. That has been and continues to be the trend in the American capitalist state. One explanation has always been that the men are not only more qualified at the jobs but more efficient.Thus, the debate goes, they should be paid at a higher premium. Today, however, the wage gap is still existent, and very few would find that argument valid. So why do women still earn less than men, and why are women practically discriminated against in the workplace? When a child enters a family, it is the woman who, much more often than not, stays at home and cares for the new baby. When the women exits the labor force, she does not gain the seniority that she would have otherwise gotten had there been no child.When women return to the labor force, they are less likely to receive on the job training, and thus less like to increase their productivity and thus level of pay. The absence from the work force, horizontal if only for severa l months to take care of a newborn child, can depreciate the job skills of women, so when they return back to work they are not as sharp and take some time to regain pre-birth efficiency in the office. Kno come throughg this, employers are less likely to hire women who are in their prime years for giving birth. This also stands for women applying for new jobs if they left the labor force nce before for a child, chances are good that they might do it again. An employer leave alone see this and thus shy away from hiring the woman, instead perhaps deferring to a man who would remain at work. Employers may even view those who do not take time away from work as more dedicated than women who do, regardless of the reason, and this could be reflected in reduced promotion possibilities, different job assignments, and other actions that could have salary implications. This is certainly not fair to women it is not their fault that they are biologically the ones who give birth and must frequen tly look after the children.Regardless, the trend is that those women who do take time off from work often are overlooked for more competitive jobs and receive less pay. I have scarcely naturalized that women are now in the labor force more than ever before. But now that they are working, what kinds of jobs are they doing? In cloistered industry, the breakdown of women compared to men is interesting. In 2000 there were 44 million workers in private industry in the join States, 23. 5 million of which were male, 20. 5 million female. A more specific breakdown, however, shows some astounding differences.There were twice as many male officials and managers than there were females (3 million as opposed to 1. 5 million). Officials and managers are described as occupations requiring administrative and managerial personnel who set broad policies, exercise overall responsibility for execution of these policies, etc. Yet the number of workers delimit as professionals gives females the numeric advantage, 3. 6 million to 3. 4 million. Professionals are described as occupations requiring either college graduation or experience of such kind. Thus even though the women labor force tends to be slightly more improve than the male labor force, it is the males who, by a 21 ratio, are in managerial and authoritative positions In other generic theatre of operationss, there is also a stark contrast between males and females. Women add up men by roughly a 32 ratio in sales, and for office and clerical workers in private industry in the United States in 2000, there were over 5 million females and only slightly over 1 million males. This is no doubt a stereotype, the female secretary or clerical workers, but according to these statistics this stereotype seems to hold true.What reasons are there that so many more females are attracted to, or rather hold, secretarial jobs? There are many. On the flip side, however, there were six times as many male craft workers (skilled labor ) than there were female craft workers in 2000. Perhaps females are not attracted to the demanding physical labor of such jobs, much the way males do not like clerical tasks. Historically, males have been overwhelmingly dominant in the field of physical labor. When some women were forced to work in factories for personal financial reasons, they were often despised and treated unequally.This, I am sure, led many females to be extremely not attracted to such professions. Likewise, females have always dominant as office secretaries and the like. Back when women first entered the labor force, these were often the only types of jobs available so they took them. Today, women still flock to these clerical jobs. Looking at more specific job fields, these same general observations seem to hold true. In the field of engineering and counsel services, male office officials and managers greatly outweigh female managers.There are more than twice as many male technicians as female technicians, a nd over 12 times as many male skilled laborers than female skilled laborers. However, the number of female clerical workers is more than four times that of male clerical workers. in time male operatives (semiskilled workers) outnumber by three times the number of female operatives. These numbers show overwhelmingly that the technical aspect of engineering is enjoyed more by males, while the women are still confined to the office. In the field of legal services, females outnumber males by a 1. 71 ration.Nearly two thirds of all females in this profession, however, are in fact office and clerical workers. Male professionals outnumber female professionals by a wide margin, and the trend shown in the general population holds true here, too. In the field of computers and office equipment, twice as many males as females hold jobs in this area. As usual, the number of female clerical workers greatly outweighs the number of male clerical workers. It comes as no surprise that, in the field of computers, male professionals, technicians, and skilled laborers greatly outweighs the number of female workers in these areas.The same trends can be seen in other areas such as communications. One profession bucking this trend, however, can be found in hospitals. Women hospital employees outnumber male hospital employees by more than a 31 margin. Additionally, the number of female officials and managers, professionals, and technicians outweigh the numbers for the males, not just in crude(a) numbers but also in terms of percentages. Males, however, still comprise the vast majority of skilled laborers in this area. It is nice to see, however, an area that goes against the general trend.Even though women seem to be dominant in a few fields of work and very scattered throughout many others, this is a change from a couple generations ago when most women were not even in the labor force. For women, this fact is definitely a step in the positive direction. Most women now hold jobs in the workplace, and are sustaining them for longer amounts of time than ever before. The next step is for women to immerse themselves in all fields of the labor force, rather than just concentrating on a selective few.This brings responsibility to males, too, to allow for women to reach the upper echelons of the labor force. In a labor force that has been historically dominated by males, this proves to be an intriguing situation over the next decade as more and more women aspire to the officials and managers that they are not today. Womens culture from past till now Social Relevance Education has been the stumbling block keeping women from attaining equal status in society, separating them from their male counterparts. It has also been the door to this elusive dream of equality.Before women gained the respectable and privilege of higher education they were believed to be lower-class citizens, not worthy of voting or owning property, or any number of other inalienable rights. It was not only men who believed that women should hold a lower position than they. Queen Victoria said I am most anxious to enlist everyone who can speak or write to join in checking this mad, wicked folly of Womens Rights, with all its attendant horrors, on which her poor feeble sex is bent, forgetting every ace of womanly feelings and propriety. Feminists ought to get a good whipping.Were woman to unsex themselves by claiming equality with men, they would become the most hateful, heathen and disgusting of beings and would surely perish without male protection. (priggish Station)Without education to empower them, many women believed that they should not hold the power to influence politics or even make decisions about their own property. Women were stripped of their dignity and privileges by men of the community and even by their own husbands. However, they were finally able to break free from these social constraints through education. It is telling that most of he early feminists w ere set apart from their complacent sisters by education. They were amend, and through this knowledge gained a sense of self-worth and the power to change history. Higher education is the foundation of the empowered women of today. The debate for womens education has been an uphill battle that has not yet reached its citadel. This journey took root in the tight-laced period and branched even to modern times. During the mid-eighteen hundreds women were evaluate to live up to a feminine ideal. This ideology required women to be pure, pious, domestic and submissive (Eisenmann Apendix).None of these ideals would be achieved through education. In fact, receiving an education in the Victorian Period was considered an act of nonconformity(Solomon xviii). A woman could not fill her preordained place in society if she wasting her time gaining knowledge. Education was thought to make women discontented with their current status, and possibly even irritated with men (McClelland 12). Educat ion for women was thought to disrupt the social balance of the time. On the contrary, the earliest push for Victorian women to become educated was because they were mothers of men and eventually teachers of men (Solomon xviii).It was not until the twentieth century that women began to desire knowledge for themselves as individuals. History of Women in Education In order to understand the womens education movement, it is important to have a brief background of its history. During the time of the ideal subservient woman a few bold women and events stand out as milestones in history. The first is in 1833 Oberlin College was founded. It was the nations first university to accept women and black students. The next important event was the Seneca Falls convention in 1848. This convention added fuel to the flame of education and suffrage.The Seneca Falls Declaration has been called the single most important document of the nineteenth-century American womans movement. At the convention a de claration concerning womens rights was adopted modeling the Declaration of Independence. Appearing in addition to issues of suffrage were issues of education and employment. The Declaration of Sentiments states He has monopolized nearly all the profitable employments, and from those she is permitted to follow, she receives but a scanty remuneration. He closes against her all the avenues to wealth and distinction, which he considers ost honorable to himself. As a teacher of theology, medicine, or law, she is not known. He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education all colleges being closed against her. (Schneir 77) This event is of utmost importance to the womens rights movement. It laid the foundation for futurity achievements even though suffrage was not achieved until 1920. After the Seneca Falls Convention women continued to achieve milestones in education. In 1877, Helen Magill became the first woman in the United States to earn her Ph. D.By 1880, women c omprised eighty percent of all elementary school educators, and by 1910 women made up 39 percent of all collegiate undergraduate students and even 20 percent of all college faculty. Finally, in 1920 womens suffrage was achieved, giving women a secure foothold in society. In 1945, the first woman was authoritative to Harvard Medical School, and by 1972 Title XI was passed to help end the discrimination based on sex for any educational program that received federal funding. In 1980 women equaled men in numbers enrolled in colleges with 51 percent.Finally, in 1996 Virginia Military Institute was forced by the Supreme Court to become coeducational (Eisenmann appendix). There are many other events along the path to education that helped women achieve the status they enjoy today. This brief chronology merely traces a few of the hundreds of thousands of victories women had to win in order to become educated. Reasons for Oppression One of the main values that necessitated all of this ardu ous labor in order to simply become educated was that, people feared that the social system would break down if women were allowed to be educated.They worried that women would cease to fulfill their traditional roles if they received a higher education. It was even thought that a woman risked brain fever or sterility if she became educated (Delamont 109). These Victorian ideas seem ridiculous from a twentieth century perspective, but educated women today still have to deal with a certain measure of social stigma. It is often overlooked, however, because it has been adapted to fit the social constraints of today. They are forced at times to choose to live up to the dreams of their education or to live up to the societal implications of being a mother and wife (Solomon xix).This is only one of many reasons that the fight for adequate womans education is far from over. University of Texas Compared to Cambridge The fact that the need for reform in womens education is not over is illustr ated in two parallel cases. During the early feminist movement and the beginnings of the reform of womens education, the best case to study is Cambridge in England. At the time this university had established authority in academia there was not a comparable university in the United States.Therefore, it is necessary to compare universities across the boundaries of nations. Women first gained notoriety at Cambridge when in the 1860s Emily Davies was successful in her campaign to allow women to attend Cambridge University. However, they did not have the same status as the male students there (Acker 51). Even though Cambridge was one of the first universities to encourage women to study they did not award women the same degrees as men upon completion of the same tests (Vicinus 117). This is a testament to the black but steady progress of women in education.These women were dedicated and willing to study despite sub-par compensation upon completion of school. It was not until 1947 that women were admitted to Cambridge as equal members (Acker 51). While it was a promising start for women in the Victorian period to even be allowed to study, it is necessary to evaluate the staggering length of time this progress took to occur. It took almost a century for women to gain the same recognition as men. In light of these facts, it is dangerous to assume that women today have equal educational opportunity.As little as fifty-five years ago women were celebrating the fact that they could finally earn a degree at Cambridge University. That is not a very distant past. When asked if women at The University of Texas still face issues of educational bias, the answer is an unequivocal yes. Women make up almost half of the undergraduate student population at forty-nine percent. Sadly, these women are outnumbered in fields that have traditionally been male-dominated such as architecture and medicine. However, the average grade point average of women is higher than men in every field of study(Office of Inst. . This makes it clear that it is not a discrepancy of ability that keeps women from pursuing these vocations.There must be some sort of lingering Victorian attitudes that keep women from living up to their potential. Women today aspire to more diverse areas of study and vocation. However, they are realistic about what the world has in store for them and therefore gravitate towards more typically female professions (Kramarae 489). Another important fact is that the percentage of women faculty is a meager 33 percent (Office of Inst. Research has found that students tend to seek out classrooms and vocations in which they will feel comfortable and successful. Some students report avoiding courses that are overwhelmingly male because of the unwelcome feeling they experience in the classroom. How can women feel comfortable pursuing any field of study when male mentors and educators surround them and when the only contributions taught are those of males (Kramarae 4 98)? The battle for womens education will not be won until women feel free and comfortable to pursue any academic field.

Discourse Analysis Essay

Discourse analysis (DA), or discuss studies, is a frequent term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, vocal, or sign language custom or any significant semiotic event. The objects of communication analysis discourse, writing, conversation, communicative event, etcetera argon variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Contrary to much of traditional linguistics, discourse analysts not only issue language use beyond the sentence boundary, but also prefer to analyze naturally occurring language use, and not invented examples.Text linguistics is related. The substantial difference between discourse analysis and text linguistics is that it aims at revealing socio-psychological characteristics of a nearbody/persons rather than text structure.1 Discourse analysis has been interpreted up in a variety of social science disciplines, including linguistics, sociology, anthropology, social work, cognitive psychol ogy, social psychology, international relations, human geography, communication studies, and translation studies, each of which is field of battle to its own assumptions, dimensions of analysis, and methodologies.Topics of interestTopics of discourse analysis include* The various levels or dimensions of discourse, such(prenominal) as sounds (intonation, etc.), gestures, syntax, the lexicon, style, rhetoric, meanings, speech acts, moves, strategies, turnsand another(prenominal)(prenominal) aspects of interaction * Genres of discourse (various types of discourse in politics, the media, education, science, business, etc.) * The relations between discourse and the emergence of syntactic structure * The relations between text (discourse) and context* The relations between discourse and power* The relations between discourse and interaction* The relations between discourse and cognition and memoryDiscourse AnalysisDeborah TannenDiscourse analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language beyond the sentence. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of modern linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar the study of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (ph integritytics and phonology), parts of words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences (syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of language as they flow to set outher. Some discourse analysts consider the larger discourse context in order to understand how it affects the meaning of the sentence.For example, Charles Fillmore points out that two sentences taken together as a whizz discourse can retain meanings several(predicate) from each one taken separately. To illustrate, he asks you to imagine two independent signs at a swimming syndicate Please use the toilet, not the pool, go out voices one. The other announces, Pool for members only. If you regard each sign independently, they seem quite reasonable. But taking them together as a single discourse makes you go back and revise your interpretation of the first sentence after youve read the second.Discourse and FramesReframing is a substance to talk close going back and re-interpreting the meaning of the first sentence. Frame analysis is a type of discourse analysis that asks, What activity are speakers engaged in when they say this? What do they think they are doing by talking in this way at this time? Consider how hard it is to make sense of what you are sense of hearing or reading if you dont know whos talking or what the general topic is. When you read a newspaper, you consume to know whether you are reading a news story, an editorial, or an advertisement in order to properly interpret the text you are reading. Years ago, when Orson Welles radio fetch The War of the Worlds was broadcast, some auditors who tuned in late panicked, thinking they were hearing the actual end of the world. They mistook the frame for news instead of drama.Turn-takingCon versation is an enterprise in which one person speaks, and another listens. Discourse analysts who study conversation note that speakers beget systems for determining when one persons turn is over and the next persons turn begins. This exchange of turns or floors is signaled by such linguistic means as intonation, pausing, and phrasing. Some people await a clear disruption before beginning to speak, but others assume that winding down is an invitation to someone else to take the floor. When speakers have different assumptions about how turn exchanges are signaled, they may unknowingly interrupt or feel interrupted. On the other hand, speakers also frequently take the floor even though they know the other speaker has not invited them to do so. Listenership too may be signaled in different ways.Some people expect frequent nodding as well as listener feedback such as mhm, uhuh, and yeah. Less of this than you expect can create the economic crisis that someone is not listening more t han you expect can choke the impression that you are being rushed along. For some, eye contact is expected nearly continually for others, it should only be intermittent. The type of listener response you get can change how you speak If someone seems uninterested or uncomprehending (whether or not they truly are), you may slow down, repeat, or overexplain, giving the impression you are talking down. Frederick Erickson has shown that this can occur in conversations between black and white speakers, because of different habits with regard to showing listenership.Discourse MarkersDiscourse markers is the term linguists give to the little words like well, oh, but, and and that break our speech up into parts and show the relation between parts. Oh prepares the hearer for a impress or just-remembered item, and but indicates that sentence to follow is in opposition to the one before. However, these markers dont necessarily mean what the dictionary says they mean. Some people use and just to start a new thought, and some people put but at the end of their sentences, as a way of trailing take gently. Realizing that these words can function as discourse markers is important to prevent the frustration that can be experienced if you expect every word to have its dictionary meaning every time its used.Speech ActsSpeech act analysis asks not what form the utterance takes but what it does. Saying I now pronounce you man and wife enacts a marriage. Studying speech acts such as complimenting allows discourse analysts to ask what counts as a compliment, who gives compliments to whom, and what other function they can serve. For example, linguists have observed that women are more likely both to give compliments and to get them. There are also ethnical differences in India, politeness requires that if someone compliments one of your possessions, you should offer to give the item as a gift, so complimenting can be a way of asking for things. An Indian woman who had just met her sons American wife was shocked to hear her new daughter-in-law praise her beautiful saris. She commented, What kind of girlfriend did he marry? She wants everything By comparing how people in different cultures use language, discourse analysts hope to make a contribution to improving cross-cultural understanding.How to do a discourse analysisThe first point to note is that in order to do a discourse analysis you need to have read a handful yourself first. By reading published articles that use the method, you will have a better understanding of (1) how to do an analysis and (2) some of the theoretical orientations that you will need to know to do your own analysis. Having identified a theory and a chosen item (text or recorded conversation) to analyse, you need to transcribe it in one of the accepted/published ways. The transcript must always appear in the appendices. There are many different forms of discourse analysis, so here we will focus on thematic analysis as an example.What is thematic analysis?Thematic analysis is about trying to rate meaningful categories or themes in a body of data. By looking at the text, the researcher asks whether a number of recurring themes can be thoughtless about what is being said. For example, on one level you might find an inconsistency, an attempt to assign blame, an attempt to cite others to support ones views, a regular interruption of other people, an attempt to make ones account of some event sound more authentic, and so on. On another level, you might idenitify a regulalry occurring attribution of blame or the repeated reference to some specific cause of an event. The reference might take slightly different forms but refers to the same cause.An example might be football fans blaming various aspects of a players motivation for the failure of their team (e.g., he gets so much money, doesnt need to try, he looked as though he wasnt bothered, he didnt want the ball, and so on). In the results section of the report, th e themes abstracted are collated and reported on. In doing so, it is usual to cite from the transcription examples of the points you are trying to make. A summary of the findings can be offered but also a critique of the authors own interpretations this refers to the concept of reflexivity, that the authors is only one interpretation of the text.

Cross Language Translation in a Web-based Environment Essay

One of the major problems with cross-language translations involving those that be rarely utilize together (i. e. Finish Lithuanian) is that there are no dictionaries available or it is extremely difficult to father wizard. The main problem is that there are not enough people to create a market and no one would invest in creation of such kind of dictionaries. incline-based dictionaries, however, is of abundance. This project tackled the above cited problem in Cross linguistic process rendition using English as its base dictionary.Artificial intelligence done Neural Net roleplays was apply as it appeared well-suited to problems of this nature. For this reason, artificial intelligence by dint of spooky net profits was investigated as a potential tool to improve translation accuracy but future implementation was left as a possibility. WordNet was also investigated as come of defining English words and contingent tool to achieve greater accuracy in cross-language transla tions. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI would like to take this opportunity to thank each those who subscribe to contributed in any way, shape or form to the comp allowion of this project report, those at Zodynai. org and the Anglia Ruskin University for their advice and support. Thanks to my friends and family who (once again) tolerated my lack of time and fewtimes grumpy demeanour. more(prenominal) thanks to friends at Anglia Ruskin University for their ideas and criticism. Your support (directly and indirectly) is greatly appreciated. T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S ABSTRACT AcknowledgementsTABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES METHODOLOGIES DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION BIBILIOGRAPHY APPENDICES A run across Specification B User/Software Installation Guide A C Software Installation Guide B D Poster and visual Presentations E Source Code F Abbreviations and Acronyms INTRODUCTION The polyglot world and the barriers it entails. A large number o f people across the world converse in English thus it serves as the primary lingua franca for developments in the research world.Most publications and journals are published in such language. This leaves publications in other languages outback(prenominal) and apparently, information in English is withheld from those millions who do not speak English (Diekema 2003) Recent trends promote the construction of a far-reaching complex infrastructure for transporting information across boundaries. Apparently, language shares a vital portion in the hindrances presented by National borders.Whilst the fact is inevitable that English remains the to the highest degree spoken language in the whole world and though, it is true that the spread of World English bed promote cooperation and equity, longstanding linguistic competition threatens to be even more divisive in a globalizing world. (Maurais et al n. d. ) A lot is currently going on to overcome these linguistic barriers. The most efficient approach to overcoming such is with cross-language translation and in this literature it pass on well be mostly in the web-based-online-dictionary aspect of such approach.English has always been the main focus of information retrieval, well, that is by tradition. Many of them retrieval algorithmic rules and heuristics stem from English speaking countries and thus are based on the said language. Over the years, these retrieval methods have been adopted by other language communities, creating a wide selection of language-specific monolingual retrieval formations. However, to ensure complete information exchange, information retrieval systems need to be multilingual or cross-lingual. (Diekema 2003)There are a lot of ways to pin down the hindrance of being in this multi-lingual world, the barrier of being in a world divided by being in English- or Non-English-speaking territories. And, as presented, the most researched approach is through Cross-Language translation. OBJECTIVES Main problem that we are facing when translating with English based dictionary is connecting various language information bases. One of solutions for this curriculum is to create a base dictionary (as seen in Figure 1). Figure 1 Other major problem is that performing translation a lot of noise is created. As seen in Figure 2.Figure 2 We washbowl escort this in greater detail in Figure 3. Word Autobusas is translated from Lithuanian language to Russian based on English language. Two antithetical possible translations occur (bus, omnibus) when translating Lithuanian - English. First word bus translated from English to Russian has three meanings word translated. As first few are synonyms third one has totally contrary value and meant Topology bus. As you can see on reverse translations will going to give you four diametrical meanings translated in Lithuanian language.Figure 3 We are going to investigate WordNet and Neural networks approach for possible solution of this problem. METHODOLOGIES Cross-Language Information Retrieval, its promise. Information retrieval entails an somebody querying about something of interest to him. Inevitably, since we are life forms known to be ever inquisitive, we do Information Retrieval in e actually aspect of our living. This event so commonly happens in a lot of situation and whitethorn be best displayed in a Library when a student picks his book of choice.Formally, let us define Information Retrieval (IR) as the process in which users with information need query a collection of documents to find those documents that satisfy his need. (Diekema 2003) In the electronic realm, the user queries by typing in related to words, the system then processes these keywords to create a representation understandable by the system. In the parentage of the procedure, the system usually strips off non-bearing fragments of the query keywords such as articles like determiners, prepositions, and pronouns. The document collection undergoes the akin process resulting to a list of document representations or a sort out.To find documents that are similar to the query, the stripped off query representation is then matched against the catalogue. When a certain degree of similarity between the catalogue and the stripped off query has been established, the documents with the uppermost similarity scores (depending on the settings, say top 10) are shown to the user as results. This occurs typically during browsing through the internet and Google. comTM best displays this example. A development of IR is CLIR the Cross-Language Information Retrieval, which, as the name implies, is information retrieval in a multi-linguistic environment.Consequently, CLIR techniques simplify searching by multilingual users and allow monolingual searchers to judge relevance based on form translated results and/or to allocate expensive translation resources to the most promising abroad language documents. (Diekema 2003) Simple IR systems only consist of a Query, an Input Cleanser, a Matcher, the Document database and the Output, in logical order. The addition of Language Translators would make this system a Cross-Language Information Retrieval system.Of course the Document database would now contain multi-lingual entries as well and the output is to be presented in the way the query has been fit(p) in the input. Figure 4 would show the Cross-Language Information Retrieval system in schematics. The method Cross-language Retrieval Systems promises users to state their queries in their native language and ascertain documents in all the languages supported by the system. (Diekema 2003) Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) results to simulation of intellectual practice such as comprehension, systematisation and acquisition symbolic information in context.In AI, the automation or programming of all aspects of human cognition is considered from its foundations in cognitive science throu gh approaches to symbolic and sub-symbolic AI, natural language bear upon, computer vision, and evolutionary or adaptive systems. (Neumann n. d. ) AI considered being an extremely intricate domain of problems which during preliminary stages in the problem-solving anatomy of this nature, the problem itself may be viewed poorly. A precise picture of the problem can only be seen upon interactive and incremental refinement of course, after you have taken the initial attempt to solve the mystery.AI always comes hand in hand with utensil logistics. How else could mind act appropriately but with the body. In this case, a machine takes the part of the body. In a bit, this literature will be tackling about AI implemented through Neural Network. The author deems it demand though to tackle Machine learning and thus the succeeding paragraphs. Machine Learning is primarily concerned with designing and developing algorithms and procedures that allow machines to learn all inductive or deduct ive, which, in general, is its two types.At this point, we will be referring to machines as computers since in the world nowadays, the latter are the most widely used for control. Hence, we now hone our definition of Machine Learning as the study of methods for programming computers to learn. Computers are applied to a wide range of tasks, and for most of these it is comparatively easy for programmers to design and implement the necessary parcel. (Dietterich n. d. ) Machine learning techniques are grouped into different categories basing on the expected outcome.Common types include administrate, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised or payoff learning. There is also the Transduction method and the Learning to learn scheme. A section of theoretical computer science, Computational Learning Theory is the investigation on the tally of algorithms of Machine Learning including its efficiency. Researches on Machine Learning focuses mainly on the automatic extraction of information data, throug h computational and statistical methods. It is very more than correlated not only to theoretical computer science as well as data mining and statistics.Supervised learning is the simplest learning task. It is an algorithm to which it is ruled by a function that automatically plots inputs to expected outputs. The task of supervised learning is to construct a classifier given a set of class training examples (Dietterich n. d. ). The main challenge for supervised learning is that of generalization that a machine is expected in approximating the conduct that a function will uncover which maps out a connection towards a number of classes through comparison of IO samples of the said function.When many plot-vector pairs are interrelated, a decision tree is derived which aids into see how the machine behaves with the function it currently holds. One advantage of decision trees is that, if they are not too large, they can be interpreted by humans. This can be useful both for gaining insi ght into the data and also for validating the reasonableness of the learned tree (Dietterich n. d. ). In unsupervised learning, manual matching of inputs is not utilized. Though, it is most often distinguished as supervised learning and it is one with an unknown output.This makes it very hard to decide what counts as success and suggests that the central problem is to find a suitable objective function that can replace the goal of agreeing with the initiateer (Hinton & Sejnowski 1999). Simple classic examples of unsupervised learning include clustering and dimensionality reduction. (Ghahramani 2004) Semi-supervised learning entails learning situations where is an ample number of labelled data as compared to the unlabelled data. These are very natural situations, especially in domains where collecting data can be cheap (i.e. the internet) but labelling can be very expensive/time consuming. Many of the approaches to this problem attempt to infer a manifold, graph structure, or tree-s tructure from the unlabelled data and use spread in this structure to determine how labels will generalize to new unlabelled points. (Ghahramani 2004) Transduction is comparable to supervised learning in predicting new results with training inputs and outputs, as well as, test inputs accessible during teaching, as basis, instead of behaving in accordance to some function.All these various types of Machine-Learning techniques can be used to fully implement Artificial Intelligence for a robust Cross-Language translation. One thing though, this literature is yet to discuss the planned process of machine learning this research shall employ, and that is by Neural Networks. There is yet to be a precise definition as to what Artificial Neural Network is, though many researchers would agree that it concerns a network of austere processing elements otherwise known as the neurons, which presents complex behaviour established by the relationship amongst processing and parametrical elements.T he main inspiration that lead to the development of this technique was from the investigation of, no lesser than, our Central Nervous System and the neurons (including their axons, dendrites and synapses) which make up its most great information processing elements. A neural network model would show us that simple nodes are connected forming a network of nodes thus, its coining as neural network. A Neural Network functions in 2 different manners learning and testing.The former would literally mean, the system learns the ways it is supposed to behave eyepatch the latter is when rigorous repetition of training would eventually result to a stable system, defined by its giving of constant satisfactory outputs. Most compendium reasoning of an Artificial Neural Networks are being implemented through three learning types supervised, unsupervised and the reinforced learning, as has been introduced in the preceding paragraphs. Supervised learning entails a functional relationship betw een the input and the output. The system has to learn every possible IO pair that can be thought of.In case, there is a miss, all that has to be done is to input the said pair into the memory of the system hence when it resurfaces, the system knows how the handle it. Hence, basically, the goal is to teach the network to identify the given input with the desired output. (Sordo 2002) This is usually best achieved when function f has already been derived to represent the behaviour of the Neural Network system. For unsupervised learning, we feed an input and a function to the system and record what behaviour the system outputs with such input and function.To begin with the learning process, there are no IO-pairs as opposed to supervised learning. Ultimately, the main goal of achieving the stable state will be attained through rigorous repetition of test with different sets of inputs. This type of systems imploring unsupervised learning as its method of learning, are best displayed in statistical modelling, and the likes. Reinforcement learning stems its roots from the related psychological theory that has been conceived even before AI has been.Dynamically, in this type of learning, the machine interacts with its environment by producing actions a1, a2, These actions affect the state of the environment, which in turn results in the machine receiving some scalar rewards (or punishments) r1, r2, The goal of the machine is to learn to act in a way that maximizes the future rewards it receives (or minimises the punishments) over its lifetime. Reinforcement learning is closely related to the fields of decision theory (in statistics and management science), and control theory (in engineering).The fundamental problems studied in these fields are often formally equivalent, and the solutions are the same, although different aspects of problem and solution are usually emphasised. (Ghahramani 2004) Advantages of investing a system through Neural Networks. Neural networks with always have the outstanding characteristic of etymologizing intelligence from the usually complicated and, oftentimes, fuzzy data stored in the neurons. These systems, oftentimes, offer to be easy utilities to deduce patterns and perceive trends that are difficult to be detect by either human observation or by our current computer intelligence.A trained neural network is regarded as an expert in the category of information it has been given to analyze. This expert can then be used to provide projections given new situations of interest and answer what if questions. (Chung et al 2007) It is used for adaptive learning on how to handle tasks based on the input provided for training or preliminary experience. It is a self-organizational tool that hones its own picture of the data it receives in as early as learning time. Neural networks another feature is that it is a real-time operation system where all calculation may be performed in parallel.Fault Tolerance via Redundant Inform ation Coding is another aspect of the neural system where partial destruction of a network leads to the corresponding degradation of performance. However, some network capabilities may be retained even with major network damage. The platform to a successful implementation. Several environments can be used in totally implementing a Cross-Language Translator through with the various and fast developments in computer applied science since its introduction. In the succeeding paragraphs we will be tackling some of those that has come the authors A-list.Microsoft . profits Framework. This framework form part of Microsoft Windows operating systems, containing a vast number of pre- encryptd resolutions to general program requirements, and governing the performance of programs written particularly for the framework. This framework is a vital Microsoft contribution and is projected on being utilized by most applications created and to be created for Windows platform. Pre-coded solutions out lining the frameworks Base Class Library (third layer from Operating System in the . shed light on Framework) encompass a wide range of software requirements in areas including cross language translation, user interface, database connectivity, cryptography, data access, web application growth, network communications, and numeric algorithms. This layer contains classes, value types, and interfaces that you will use often in your development process. Most notably within the . NET Framework Base Classes is ADO. NET, which provides access to and management of data. Supervising the softwares runtime requirements, this software is written for the . NET Framework implemented in an environment.This runtime environment, which is also a part of the . NET Framework, is known as the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The CLR provides the appearance of an application virtual machine, so that programmers need not consider the capabilities of the particular CPU that will implement the program. The CLR also provides other significant function such as security mechanisms, memory management, and exception handling. The class library and the CLR together compose the . NET Framework. The . NET Framework is included with Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista, and can be installed on some older var.s of Windows..NET Framework 1. 1 This is the first major . NET Framework upgrade that is accessible on its own as a redistributable package or in a software development kit since its publishing on April 3, 2003. It forms part of the second release of Microsoft Visual studio . NET the Visual studio apartment . NET 2003, and is the first transformation of the . NET Framework to be included as part of the Windows operating system, shipping with Windows Server 2003. 7 .NET Framework 3. 5 This version was authoritatively released to manufacturing (RTM) on November 19, 2007. As with . NET Framework 3. 0, this version applies the CLR of version 2. 0. It also installs .NET Framework 2. 0 SP1 adding some methods and properties to the BCL classes in version 2. 0 which are vital for version 3. 5 features such as Language Integrated Query (LINQ). These changes, however, do not involve applications written for version 2. 0 and a separately, new . NET Compact Framework 3. 5 was released in hand-in-hand with this revision to give support for additional features on Windows Mobile and Windows plant CE devices. The source code of the Base Class Library in this version has been partially released under Microsoft Reference License. 7 .NET Framework 3. 5 builds incrementally on the new features added in .NET Framework 3. 0 for example, feature sets in Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Windows CardSpace. This version also consists of a number of new features in several technology areas which have been added as new assemblies to avoid breaking changes. They are (a) deep integration of Language Integrated Query (LINQ) and data awareness which will let to write code written in LINQ-enabled languages to filter, enumerate, and produce projections of several types of SQL data, collections, XML, and datasets by means of the same syntax (b) ASP.NET AJAX 3. 5 lets you craft more resourceful, more interactive and highly-personalized Web experiences that work transversely with almost all the most popular browsers (c) The overbold Web protocol sustain for building WCF services adding AJAX, JSON, REST, POX, RSS, ATOM, and several new WS-* standards (d) Full tooling support in Visual Studio 2008 for WF, WCF, and WPF, including the new workflow-enabled services technology and, (e) New classes in . NET Framework 3. 5 base class library (BCL) that address many common customer requests. Visual Studio 2008 and the .NET Framework 3. 5. The Microsoft Visual Studio development system is an appropriate development instrument devised to aid developers to tackle complex problems, th us create inventive resolutions. This systems role is to improve the development process hence, achieving breakthroughs would be easier and more satisfying. Using the Microsoft Visual Studio Development system will be very productive for this project since it would continually deliver better ways for cross language translations with less energy and with ease from other software.It has efficient form of code editors, IntelliSense, Wizards, and multiple coding languages in one integrated development environment (IDE) to high-tech applications in life- cycle management. New versions of Visual Studio keep deliverance innovative tools to help developers focus on solving problems without wasting time. With this development system, software developers gain from an integrated product experience that spans tools, servers, and services.Visual Studio products work well together with other Microsoft software, such as Microsoft server products and the Microsoft Office system. Visual Studio offe rs a comprehensive choice of tools for all phases of software development, testing, deployment, integration, and management. every kind of software developer, from novice to skilled professional, can use the Visual Studio because it is engineered to support the development across all types of devices such as PCs, servers, the Web, and lively devices.Visual Studio is the most reliable tool that is engineered and tested to be always dependable, secure, interoperable, and compatible. Visual Studio offers an unparalleled combination of security features, scalability, and interoperability. Although Visual Studio always incorporates forward- thinking features, it is designed to ensure backward-compatibility everywhere possible.Being a set of technology capabilities, core products, and best practice guidance, the Microsoft Application Platform (MAP) focuses on aiding IT and development business partners to maximize opportunity. As one of its core products, Visual Studio has always and con tinues to help spearhead for the right customer links, business efficiencies, and value-added services through provision of a fully integrated and single development environment for all types of advances, including Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Web, and mobile applications.

SeniorServ Practice

Mohammad ChowhanAmeri advance the axe Public UniversitySeniorServ, heavy(p) Day health divvy upSecuring Home, health & knockerAnaheim, CaliforniaInstructor Dr. Carter-Mccummings, JewelMarch 22, 2018Abstract. I chose my practicum site because of some(prenominal) reasons. Selecting SeniorServ practicum has numerous benefits to facilitate selecting usual health c beer. As an intern, I get under ones skin the opportunity to experience the type of work that could be performed in the position, to determine if my skills match the work that is necessary and to evaluate whether that work is what I could see myself accomplishment twenty-four hour period in and day out in a enjoyable career. one(a) of the fastest growing areas of health care is elder care.As people age and find themselves with change magnitude health issues, the need for dependent care often tops their list as they broadcast for the geezerhood ahead. more than and more seniors are choosing to stay in their fam ily units as long as possible and that can put a burden on the primary caregivers who may not have the time or the ability to provide the necessary care. Providing a healthy, interactive environment for the dependent adult can give the caregivers relief from constant care for their loved one. There are many opportunities in the adult day care area. Maybe one of these is a perfect match for me. SeniorServ grownup wellness Day mission is a non-profit, client circle rounded, day program for one-time(a) adults living in the Orange County Area.Most of our participants metamorphose in levels of dependency from mild to severe and often have a chronic illness. SeniorServs main cultivation is to keep families and their loved ones united within their respective communities and homes for as long as possible by means of an integrated care program which includes daily activities, somatogenic occupational therapies, nursing and individualized care serves. SeniorServ Adult health Day Ca re operate smoothly is challenging and rewarding. There are opportunities in provision events, transportation, scheduling, finance, public relations/ presentations, fundraising, supervision, crisis management and recruitment as well as meaningful daily fundamental interaction with the program participants we serve. Each brings its own reward.IntroductionFor 50 years SeniorServ has been the largest nonprofit senior nutrition and reinforcementive service provider in Orange County, serving nearlyone million mealsto over10,000 at-risk honest-to-god adults annually.We return programs and services that reduce hunger and improve wellness for seniors so that they may live independently in the homes and communities they love. The organization was originally incorporated in 1967 as Feedback Foundation. In 2006 Feedback Foundation and Senior Meals and Services coordinated creating SeniorServ,providing the capacity for meeting the growing and diverse needs of older adults in our community. SeniorServ leverages its 22,000 square foot moneymaking(prenominal) kitchen and warehouse to process all our viandss while providing social enterprise opportunities to the community at large.SeniorServ is proud to find 50 years of programs and services that diminish hunger and loneliness for penurious seniors. Although a lot has changed since our crushed parentages in 1967, one thing that has remained is our commitment to assisting older adults stay in their homes, preserve their self-worth, and prevail their independence.With your support, we can give support bringing them healthy meals, providing friendship, and, often, offering the only human contact they have all week long. Home-delivered meals, Case Management, Adult Day Services, health related rehabilitation. Friendly Visitors, Care Circles, and Care Coordination work at keeping seniors in Orange County living in the homes and communities they love. Good nutrition is the tail of good health. Meals on Wheels and Sen ior midpoint lunches throughout the county deliver healthy nutrition. Adult Day Health Care safeguards health through supervision, and therapies. Care Coordination reduces health risks after hospitalization. Compassionate care in our Adult Day Health Centers, friends and activities at Adult Day Services, companionship from a Friendly Visitor and support from a Care Circle are just a few ways SeniorServ makes sure older adults are happy, connected and feeling loved.MissionTo nourish the wellness, purpose, and dignity of seniors and their families in our community.Values of SeniorServCompassion We are caring compassionate in all we do. Integrity We are always honest and ethical. Respect We treat every person with dignity and respect. Excellence We deliver on our mission with excellence and professionalism. Communication We listen and speak openly with distributively separate. Innovation We create an environment where innovation and possibilities thrive. Indispensable GoalsCollabor ate with other elder advocates and seniors focused organizations to develop a strategy for the enactment of federal and state legislation that is of benefit to California older adults.Ensure that basic, essential in-home and in facility support services, both medical and non-medical are available to older senior adults.Develop a patient-centered community case management model for chronic care and successful transitions along the care continuum including transitions from and to hospitals, other care facilities, and homes. Explore and implement best practices for integrated assessment and treatment mental health, substance abuse, and cognitive decline, including access to a geriatric treatment progress.Enhance awareness of the importance of nutrition, exercise, brain physical fitness, socialization, and spirituality in the agedness well process.Service Delivered in SeniorServAdult Day Health Care (ADHC) is designed for individuals with carnal and mental impairments under SeniorSer v.This center provides supportive therapies to enable individuals and their loved ones to maintain as much as daily independence as possible. Nursing and MedicalPersonal Care Physical TherapyOccupational TherapySpeech and Cognitive TherapySocial ServicesDietary Nutritional ServicesStimulating Exercise HallTransportationRespite for CaregiversWeekly Public Health Awareness word of honor SessionsCollaborations with Other Organizations AgenciesSeniorServ has deep collaboration with other organizations and agencies for effective implications. Agencies and organizations are as followsAlignment HealthcareKaiser PermanenteSCANSt, Joseph HealthActive Care LivingSilveradoLocations of SeniorServAnaheim Health Day Care CenterSanta Ana/ Tustin Health Day Care CenterBuena Part Senior CenterPreceptors CredentialsMr. Giovanni Corzo, vice president home & Care Services, Overseas SeniorServs direct care services.Chair of the OneCare Connect Member Advisory Committee (OCCMAC). He represents Califor nia MediConnect Plan member (Medicare-Medicaid).Important Public Health Issues Being Addressed in Practicum SiteChronicHealth Conditions More than 80% of elderlies have at least heart disease, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer.Cognitive Health The virtually(prenominal) mutual cognitive health issue facing the elderly is dementia, the loss of those cognitive functions.The most generic form of dementia is Alzheimers disease, though there is no cure for dementia, a treatment plan & medications to manage this disease is helpful, like different activities, puzzle-based exercises. SeniorServ has fully fledged sections under physical therapy, occupational therapy and acquired immune deficiency syndrome for above purpose.Mental Health A common mental disorder among seniors is depression. Unfortunately, this mental disorder, often undiagnosed & undertreat. But social and other activities-based exercises are very helpful to ease. Promoting lifestyle of healthy living much(pr enominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as betterment of living condition and social support from family, friends or supporting groups can help treat depression. SeniorServ has daily activities including Lets color it , Msica and health awareness sessions.Physical Injuries The caterpillar tracking cause of detriment among elderlies is increasing, due to age, bones cause to shrink and muscle to lose strength & flexibility, senior are most vulnerable. These problems are handled at SeniorServ through education, increased physical activities and practical modification.Malnutrition Malnutrition in older adults leads to health complications, such as a weakened immune system and muscle weakness. Registered Dietitian and nutrition staff SeniorServ are doing their job to work on healthy breakfast & lunch at regular basis.SensoryImpairments Sensory impairments, such as vision and hearing, are extremly common for elders. Regading eyes and ears, nursing center take care on daily basis.Bladder Con trol & Constipation Incontinence and constpation are common cmplications in senior adults.Center manages elders food according to their digestive condition. Nursing staff and caregivers are always ready to manage elders needs. My Contributions at SeniorServHelped Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy staff during therapy sessions.Helped caregivers and nutritional staff during their serving and preparation time.Assisted Activity director during daily tasks and lead small groups.Be part of team who prepared health literature for awareness.I lead small group sessions on public health awareness topics as Fast Food Good or destructive Nutrition and Diet Engineered Food for Health Role of Genes in spreading diseases Alcoho, Tobacco and other levelheaded & Illegal Drugs Benefits of Spices, Herbs & Minerals Relationship of Practicum Activities to Students Academic WorkMy specialty in public health is a reason that I chose SeniorServ for my practicum.Active Living Every Day (ALED) at S eniorServ uses facilitated group-based problem-solving methods to integrate physical activity into everyday living.Enhance Fitness programme is highly adaptable exercise program offering levels that are challenging enough for active older adults and levels that are safe enough for the unfit or near frail.Healthy Moves for Aging Well is a childlike and safe in-door physical activity intervention developed and tested by Partners in Care to leaven the activity level of frail, high-risk sedentary seniors living at home.Usefullness, Impact Relevance of Selected Practicum on My aforethought(ip) CareerDuring my stay at SeniorServ, I learned so many new things plus polished my alert skills.I am planning to work for wellness center or advising center that gives awareness in public health, regarding nutrition, healthy activities and social interactions.My Recommendations for the Future Direction of Practicum SiteI recommended them for health awareness discussion among seniors. I started that since in the beginning on weekly basis.I touched topics on nutrition, healthy living, daily fitness exercises.I talked to different senior groups on general health.I recommended to director that talk to individuals and find out their interest and link that help to improve their health.Recommended and be part of leading short talks about health and social issues.Practicum Students should have access to seniors personal/medical records.Due to my recommendations, I assist SeniorServs nutritional staff. All centers like SeniorServ dont allow volunteer to physical help in PT & OT areas without initial training. Center is ready to do arrangements for practicum/Inter/volunteers to have initial PT & OT initial training.Evaluations of Overall Practicum Experience & SuggestionsInvolve older adult and youth groups in planning detach intergenerational volunteer opportunities for seniors to remain engaged in the community.Integrate a wide range of updated older adult health, recreational, and fitness related activities, such as Pilates and spinning, into existing programsTo enhance the quality of academic learning about elder care issues and policy in various disciplines by integrating meaningful community service into courseworkPracticum DeliverablesFit or Fat (Exercise Program) CopyWeekly Discussion Session Progress Reports (Copy)Mentor/Practicum Agreement (Copy)Leisure ActivitiesDaily Visiting Schedule of Seniors to Nursing Room principal GamesMonthy Log of Practicum Student at SeniorServ.(Copy)ReferencesHarrigan, B. (2018). Senior Internship. Retrieved March 23,2018 from http//www.natickps.org/cms/One.aspx?portalId=121475&pageId=575756Weaver, R. (2017). Health Promotion and Wellness Management. Retrieved March 23, 2018 Fromhttps//academics.rowan.edu/shp/departments/hes/programs/undergraduate/healthPromotion/internshiphpwm.pdfRekdal, A. (2016).How interns shape the culture and tech of 20 Chicago companies. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.builtinchicago.o rg/2016/07/20/internship-programs-chicago-tech-companiesNiering, G. (2016). Internship Reflection Papers. Retrieved March 23, 2018 fromhttps//www.conncoll.edu/media/website-media/centers/goodwin-niering/greenlivingdocs/Class-of-2016-Internship-Reflection-Papers-Booklet.pdfKumar, S., Preetha, GS. (2012).Health Promotion An Effective Tool for Global Health. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3326808/ American Heart Association (AHA. (2015).Eating Fast Food. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from http//www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/HealthyEating/DiningOut/Eating-Fast-Food_UCM_301473_Article.jsp.Wo4G9q6nHIU Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2017).A Public Health Action Plan to Prevent Heart Disease and Stroke. Retrieved February 21, 2018 from https//www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_full.pdfNational Network of Public Health Institutes (NNPHI). (2017).Three Public Health Training involve Rise to the Top. Retrieved F ebruary 21, 2018 fromhttps//nnphi.org/three-core-competencies-rise-to-the-top-of-the-list-of-public-health-training-needs/ omplete and submit 15 25 page reflective paper (12-pt Times New Roman font double spaced title page page numbers-bottom center APA style, citations & at least7 references)**The format of the final paper may vary based upon the students location and activities however, the following items must be discusseda. Provide an overview of the practicum agency (organizations mission, organizations goals, location, collaboration with other local, national or international public health agencies, preceptors credentials)b. discover current public health issue(s) being addressed during the course of students practicum experiencec. Describe contributions the student has made during their employment in practicum experienced.Summarize the relation of the practicum activities to students academic work and/or concentration areae. Summarize the usefulness, impact and relevance the selected practicum on the students planned careerf. Provide recommendations for the future direction of practicum agency addressing public health issues on a local, national, and international levelg. Evaluation of overall practicum experience (assessment of overall experience, positive and negative aspects of experience, new skills/knowledge gained, suggestions to faculty for improving future practicum experiences)h. Submit a copy of your deliverables online (Your paper WILL NOT be place and will receive a zero grade if deliverables are not attached with yourreflection paper).